The decision of whether Graves’ ophthalmopathy must be treated should be based on the assessment of the severity and activity of the disease. If the disease is severe and active, antiinflammatory therapy is recommended, and if the disease is severe but inactive orbital decompression is preferred. Definition of disease severity includes a degree of the eye involvement such as proptosis, diplopia and optic neuropathy.

The relationship of psyhosocial factors to heart disease has been a subject of intellectual and practical interest in medicine for hundreds of years. A psychosocial factor may be defined as a measurement that potentially relates psychological phenomena to the social environment and to pathophysiological changes. In healthy populations, prospective cohort studies show a possible aetiological role for type A/hostility , depression and anxiety , social support psychosocial work characteristics.

Health professionals around the world now accept the existence of a global tobacco epidemic and its health consequences. It is estimated that the total number of tobacco users is 1.3 billions and is expected to rise to 1.7 billions by 2025. In Serbia almost a half of men and one third of women are active smokers, and among teenagers 16.3% girls and 12.5% boys by the age of 15 years smoke. Exposed to environmental tobacco smoke in their homes is 65.7% inhabitants of Serbia, and almost every child.

A very serious disease, characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue with increasing bone fragility enhanced bone and a consequent increase in fracture risk. There are many causes of osteoporosis but the most common by far is due to the decrease in the amount of bone which occurs after the menopause, the so called postmenopausal osteoporosis. In the osteoporotic bone the cortical shell and the trabeculae become thinned, and the architecture of the cancellous bone is destroyed.