Fine-needle aspiration is a low-cost diagnostic tool with principal value in determining which patients with thyroid nodules should undergo surgery. Team work and close cooperation among endocrinologists, surgeons, and pathologists are essential for success. Cytologic criteria for diagnosis of the most frequent malignancies found in thyroid aspirates have been provided. The unsolved problem of the so-called »follicular or oxyphilic lesion or neoplasia« will be investigated by immunocytochemistry.

Numerous pathohistologic criteria, difficultes and pitfalls in the process of diagnosing of thyroid carcinoma are discussed. Benign hyperplastic papillae may be present in colloidal cystic goiter and hyperplastic goiter. These structures are lined by cells with normochromatic nuclei and do not disturb the thyroid tissue architecture. Papillae in papillary thyroid carcinoma have cells with ground –glass, hypochromatic nuclei.

RATIONAL DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT OF SOLITARY THYROID NODULE
Few subjects in endocrine surgery have generated as much controversy as the management of thyroid nodule. The controversial issues include evaluation of laboratory findings and imaging diagnostic procedures in the patient with solitary thyroid nodule. The major issue in relation to controversies is choice of optimal diagnostic and therapeutic workup.

HYPERPARATHYROIDISM-PATHOHISTOLOGICAL LESSION IN THE PARATHYROID GLAND

HYPERPARATHYROIDISM SUGERY